ID | 115795 |
Title Alternative | 小児上気道通気障害の歯科的・医科的影響
Effects of Upper Airway Obstruction on Maxillofacial Dentition in Childhood and Contribution of Pediatric Dentistry to Treat Sleep Apnea
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Author | |
Keywords | Class II
Class III
上気道流体シミュレーション
上顎骨急速拡大
睡眠時無呼吸症候群
Upper airway computational fluid dynamics
Rapid maxillary expansion
Obstructive sleep apnea
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Content Type |
Journal Article
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Description | 小児期の呼吸が顎顔面形態におよぼす影響について数多くの研究が行われてきた。しかし,上気道通気状態の適切な評価が困難なためコンセンサスは得られていない。そこで我々はコーンビームエックス線CT データを用いて上気道3 次元モデルを構築し,空気の流れを機能的に評価する流体解析を用いた精度の高い上気道通気状態の解析方法を確立した。その結果,ClassⅢ小児の咽頭気道形態では咽頭部の長径,幅径が大きく,低位舌を認めることを示す一方,ClassⅡ小児では上気道通気障害が長顔傾向の原因になり得ること,また,上気道の中でも鼻腔,上咽頭,口腔咽頭,下咽頭など様々な部分がその原因部位になることを明らかにした。さらに上顎骨急速拡大により鼻腔通気状態が改善すること,咽頭気道の気道体積が増大すること,鼻腔通気状態の改善に伴い低位舌が改善することを明らかにし,上顎骨急速拡大が上気道通気障害の改善におよぼすメカニズムを明らかにした。
今後,有病率が2%と高頻度で,医科的対応法による治療成績が70%程度とされる小児閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸症候群に対して,その有効性が指摘されている上顎骨急速拡大や下顎前方誘導などの歯科的対応法を応用した治療効果のエビデンスを発信し,小児歯科からの新たな社会貢献に努めたい。 |
Description Alternative | A number of previous studies have reported the effects of breathing on maxillofacial morphology in childhood. However, accurate findings for evaluating the airway are difficult to acquire because it analysis of upper airway ventilation condition can be problematic. To improve this situation, we developed a three-dimensional upper airway model using cone beam CT data for highly precise analysis of the upper airway with computational fluid dynamics used to assesses the flow of air. As a result, we found that the pharyngeal airway morphology in Class III children showed that the long diameter type of pharyngeal airway and wide diameter type of pharyngeal airway with low tongue posture were shown. On the other hand, in Class II children, upper airway obstruction can be a cause of excessive vertical maxillofacial growth, and that this may be attributed to various parts of the upper airway, such as the nasal, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal airway. It was also revealed that when nasal obstruction is improved by rapid maxillary expansion, the volume of the pharyngeal airway increases and low tongue posture is improved. Thus, we succeeded in clarifying the mechanism by which rapid maxillary expansion improves upper airway obstruction. Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome occurs at a high frequency, with a prevalence of 2% in otherwise health children. With use of available medical treatment, the success rate is 70%. In the future, we hope to examine the efficacy of application of orthodontic procedures for treatment, such as rapid maxillary expansion or mandibular forward induction, for social contributions from the field of pediatric dentistry.
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Journal Title |
The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
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ISSN | 05831199
21865078
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NCID | AN00116228
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Publisher | 日本小児歯科学会
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Volume | 54
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Issue | 1
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Start Page | 1
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End Page | 8
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Published Date | 2016-02-25
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DOI (Published Version) | |
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language |
jpn
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Publisher
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departments |
Oral Sciences
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