カプサイシンの作用とそのレセプター, TRPV1, 及びそれらと関連する小型一次知覚ニューロンの概観

The specific actions of capsaicin on the small primary afferent neurons with regard to neuogenic inflammation and plasma extravasation are examined in this review. First, a short history of the study of capsaicin is introduced from the viewpoint of the efferent function of capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibers. Agonist (resiniferatoxin) and antagonists (capsazepine and ruthenium red) of capsaicin are refened, to better understand the action of the drug. The significance of the discovery of capsaicin receptor, TRPV1, and its characteristic features (polymodal receptor) are discussed based on recent reports, although the sensitization or desensitization mechanisms are not yet resolved. This review also briefly deals with the therapeutic use of capsaicin and its agonist and antagonist for relief pain. Whether or not capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibers are involved in itching is examined by recent literature survey. TRPV1-expressing nerve fibers were recently reported to be responsible for the itching sensation. Then, we proposed putative three possible itching pathways. The participation of pure sensoty nervefibers which exclusively transmit itchiness has not been found, as yet.