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ID 114410
Title Alternative
Structural Modeling of HIV-1 Env-gp120
Author
Yokoyama, Masaru National Institute of Infectious Diseases
Kanda, Tadahito National Institute of Infectious Diseases|Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
Sato, Hironori National Institute of Infectious Diseases
Keywords
homology modeling
MD simulation
V1/V2 loop
V3 loop
adaptive mutation
Content Type
Journal Article
Description
Variable V1/V2 and V3 loops on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope-gp120 core play key roles in modulating viral competence to recognize two infection receptors, CD4 and chemokine-receptors. However, molecular bases for the modulation largely remain unclear. To address these issues, we constructed structural models for a full-length gp120 in CD4-free and -bound states. The models showed topologies of gp120 surface loop that agree with those in reported structural data. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that in the unliganded state, V1/V2 loop settled into a thermodynamically stable arrangement near V3 loop for conformational masking of V3 tip, a potent neutralization epitope. In the CD4-bound state, however, V1/V2 loop was rearranged near the bound CD4 to support CD4 binding. In parallel, cell-based adaptation in the absence of anti-viral antibody pressures led to the identification of amino acid substitutions that individually enhance viral entry and growth efficiencies in association with reduced sensitivity to CCR5 antagonist TAK-779. Notably, all these substitutions were positioned on the receptors binding surfaces in V1/V2 or V3 loop. In silico structural studies predicted some physical changes of gp120 by substitutions with alterations in viral replication phenotypes. These data suggest that V1/V2 loop is critical for creating a gp120 structure that masks co-receptor binding site compatible with maintenance of viral infectivity, and for tuning a functional balance of gp120 between immune escape ability and infectivity to optimize HIV-1 replication fitness.
Journal Title
Frontiers in Microbiology
ISSN
1664302X
Publisher
Frontiers Media S.A.
Volume
7
Start Page
110
Published Date
2016-02-09
Rights
Copyright ©2016 Yokoyama, Nomaguchi, Doi, Kanda, Adachi and Sato. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCBY). (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
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language
eng
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departments
Medical Sciences