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ID 29066
Author
Takeda, Noriaki Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokushima School of Medicine Tokushima University Educator and Researcher Directory KAKEN Search Researchers
Morita, Masahiro Department of Otolaryngology, Osaka University Medical School
Horii, Arata Department of Otolaryngology, Osaka University Medical School
Nishiike, Suetaka Department of Otolaryngology, Osaka University Medical School
Kitahara, Tadashi Department of Otolaryngology, Osaka University Medical School
Uno, Atsuhiko Department of Otolaryngology, Osaka University Medical School
Keywords
motion sickness
space motion sickness
histamine
antihismamine
acetylcholine
scopolamine
noradrenaline
amphetamine
Content Type
Journal Article
Description
Three kinds of neurotransmitters : histamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline, play important roles in the neural processes of motion sickness, because antihistamines, scopolamine and amphetamine are effective in preventing motion sickness. Histamine H1-receptors are involved in the development of the symptoms and signs of motion sickness, including emesis. On provocative motion stimuli, a neural mismatch signal activates the histaminergic neuron system in the hypothalamus, and the histaminergic descending impulse stimulates H1-receptors in the emetic center of the brainstem. The histaminergic input to the emetic center through H1-receptors is independent of dopamine D2-receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the area postrema and serotonin 5HT3-receptors in the visceral afferent, which are also involved in the emetic reflex. Antihistamines block emetic H1-receptors to prevent motion sickness. Scopolamine prevents motion sickness by modifying the neural store to reduce the neural mismatch signal and by facilitating the adaptation/habituation processes. The noradrenergic neuron system in the locus coeruleus is suppressed by the neural mismatch signal. Amphetamine antagonizes mismatch-induced suppression of noradrenergic neural transmission, resulting in preventing motion sickness.
Journal Title
The journal of medical investigation : JMI
ISSN
13431420
NCID
AA11166929
Volume
48
Issue
1-2
Start Page
44
End Page
59
Sort Key
44
Published Date
2001
Remark
EDB ID
FullText File
language
eng
departments
Medical Sciences