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ID 114572
Author
Mimura, Junsei Hirosaki University
Inose-Maruyama, Atsushi Hirosaki University|Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
Taniuchi, Shusuke The University of Tokushima
Kosaka, Kunio Nagase & Co. Ltd.
Yoshida, Hidemi Hirosaki University
Yamazaki, Hiromi Hirosaki University
Kasai, Shuya Hirosaki University
Harada, Nobuhiko Hirosaki University|Tohoku University
Kaufman, Randal J. Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Research Institute
Itoh, Ken Hirosaki University
Keywords
Nrf2
ATF4
NGF
carnosic acid
antioxidant
Content Type
Journal Article
Description
Carnosic acid (CA) is a phytochemical found in some dietary herbs, such as Rosmarinus officinalis L., and possesses antioxidative and anti-microbial properties. We previously demonstrated that CA functions as an activator of nuclear factor, erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an oxidative stress-responsive transcription factor in human and rodent cells. CA enhances the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and antioxidant genes, such as HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner in U373MG human astrocytoma cells. However, CA also induces NGF gene expression in an Nrf2-independent manner, since 50 μM of CA administration showed striking NGF gene induction compared with the classical Nrf2 inducer tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) in U373MG cells. By comparative transcriptome analysis, we found that CA activates activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in addition to Nrf2 at high doses. CA activated ATF4 in phospho-eIF2α- and heme-regulated inhibitor kinase (HRI)-dependent manners, indicating that CA activates ATF4 through the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway. Furthermore, CA activated Nrf2 and ATF4 cooperatively enhanced the expression of NGF and many antioxidant genes while acting independently to certain client genes. Taken together, these results represent a novel mechanism of CA-mediated gene regulation evoked by Nrf2 and ATF4 cooperation.
Journal Title
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
ISSN
14220067
16616596
NCID
AA12038549
Publisher
MDPI
Volume
20
Issue
7
Start Page
1706
Published Date
2019-04-05
Rights
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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DOI (Published Version)
URL ( Publisher's Version )
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language
eng
TextVersion
Publisher
departments
Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences