AIと分子病理学の新展開

A pathological diagnosis that incorporates a molecular biology technique into a conventional pathological diagnosis based on morphology is called a molecular pathological diagnosis. Immunostaining, which detects proteins derived from oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes with specific antibodies, and FISH, which uses a fluorescently labeled nucleic acid probe to examine the amplification of a target gene, are already in clinical practice. In recent years, the application of genome analysis using a next-generation sequencer to pathological diagnosis has become available, and cancer genomic medicine has been rapidly expanding and evolving. In addition, new technologies such as liquid biopsy technology that detects proteins, DNA, microRNA, methylated DNA, etc. from samples that are less invasive at the time of collection, such as blood, are being incorporated into pathological diagnosis. The application of artificial intelligence（AI）is being studied around the world to reflect the diagnosis. This article introduces the application of rapid mass spectrometry（PESI-MS）to liquid biopsy and the development of diagnostic aids for urine cytology using AI.