乳幼児をもつ母親の防災意識の実態 : 防災セミナー受講前後の比較

目的：本研究の目的は，防災セミナーを受講した乳幼児をもつ母親の防災意識と，受講前後での防災意識の変化を明らかにすることである．
方法：A 県内で乳幼児をもつ母親を対象に複合災害に関するオンラインセミナーを開催し，セミナー前後でWeb アンケート調査を実施した．調査内容は，基本属性，複合災害の知識と情報源，防災意識，災害への備えについて等である．分析方法は，各調査項目の記述統計，セミナー受講前後の防災意識については対応のあるt 検定を用いた．
結果：分析対象者は27名である．複合災害について，あまり知らない，知らないと回答した者は９割を超え，知っている者は１割にも満たなかった．その情報源は，テレビ・ラジオが７割で最も多かった．防災意識については，セミナー受講後に尺度得点が有意に上昇（p ＜.001）し，因子毎の分析では，第１因子「被災状況に対する想像力」，第３因子「他者指向性」で防災意識が上昇し有意差を認めた（第１因子，第３因子：p ＜.001）．災害への備えについては，セミナー受講後に全ての項目で新たに準備したいと思う準備物品が増加し，おもちゃや離乳食等，子どものための物も増加した．
考察：本調査では，乳幼児をもつ母親の複合災害に関する知識不足や，子どものための災害への備えが十分ではない現状が明らかとなった．セミナー受講後に，防災意識や災害時の備えに対する認識が向上したことから，本セミナーが防災意識の向上に有効である可能性が示唆された．今後，母子とその家族を対象にした複合災害に関する普及啓発活動や，防災意識を防災行動へと繋げるための効果的なアプローチ方法の検証等，地域における継続した取り組みの必要性が示唆された．

Objective : To determine the levels of disaster awareness among mothers of infants and toddlers, and the changes in such awareness after their participation in a disaster seminar.
Methods : We conducted an online seminar on disaster prevention for mothers of infants and toddlers in prefecture A, and administered a web-based questionnaire survey before and after the seminar. The questions sought to obtain information on the participants’ basic attributes as well as their knowledge and sources of information on complex disasters, disaster awareness, and disaster preparedness. We used descriptive statistics and a corresponding t-test to analyze changes in disaster awareness and demonstrate changes in perceptions of preparedness.
Results : Among the 27 participants, over 90% had little or no knowledge about complex disasters. Less than 10% had some knowledge. The most common sources of information about complex disasters were television and radio, comprising a total of 70%. Disaster preparedness scores increased significantly （p <.001） after the seminar. Furthermore, factor analysis demonstrated a significant increase and differences in Factors 1, and 3, that is, “imagination of disaster situation,” and “other-orientedness” （Factors 1 and 3 : p <.001）. The number of items that the respondents wanted to prepare for themselves and their children（ e.g., toys and baby food） increased in all categories after the seminar.
Discussion : This study revealed that the participants lacked knowledge regarding complex disasters and were inadequately prepared to face such disasters with their children. As the participants’ disaster awareness and preparedness increased after the seminar, the seminar could be considered effective. Our findings suggest the need for continued disaster-related efforts in the community, including the implementation of awareness-raising activities for mothers, children, and their families regarding complex disasters, as well as the verification of approaches that effectively lead from disaster prevention awareness to concrete action.