Total for the last 12 months
number of access : ?
number of downloads : ?
ID 118761
Author
Ramirez, Alec Benjamin G. University of the Philippines Diliman
Ramos, Noelynna T. University of the Philippines Diliman
Nawanao Jr, Lyndon P. University of the Philippines Diliman
Mangahas-Flores, Robelyn Z. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
Narag, Ishmael C. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
Chikasada, Naotaka National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience
Satake, Kenji The University of Tokyo
Keywords
1994 Mindoro earthquake and tsunami
submarine geomorphology
submarine mass failure
numerical modeling
Verde Passage
Philippines
Content Type
Journal Article
Description
Tsunamis have been known to result from a wide range of phenomena, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, submarine mass failures, and meteorite impacts. Of earthquake-generated tsunamis, those arising from strike-slip mechanisms are less common, with the 1994 Mindoro tsunami in the Philippines among the few known examples. The 1994 Mindoro tsunami followed a Mw 7.1 earthquake along the right-lateral Aglubang River Fault. The tsunami affected the coasts surrounding the Verde Island Passage, one of the Philippines’ insular seas located between the islands of Luzon and Mindoro, and east of the West Philippine Sea margin. A total of 78 lives were lost due to the earthquake and tsunami, with 41 being directly attributed to the tsunami alone. Despite the close spatial and temporal association between the 1994 Mindoro earthquake and tsunami, previous numerical modeling suggests the need for other contributing mechanisms for the 1994 tsunami. In this study, we conducted submarine geomorphological mapping of the South Pass within the Verde Island Passage, with particular focus on identifying possible submarine mass failures. Identification of submarine features were based on Red Relief Image Map (RIMM), Topographic Position Index (topographic position index)-based landform classification, and profile and plan curvatures derived from high-resolution bathymetry data. Among the important submarine features mapped include the San Andres submarine mass failure (SASMF). The San Andres submarine mass failure has an estimated volume of 0.0483 km3 and is located within the Malaylay Submarine Canyon System in the Verde Island Passage, ∼1 km offshore of San Andres in Baco, Oriental Mindoro. We also explored two tsunami models (EQ-only and EQ+SMF) for the 1994 Mindoro tsunami using JAGURS. The source mechanisms for both models included an earthquake component based on the Mw 7.1 earthquake, while the EQ+SMF also included an additional submarine mass failure component based on the mapped San Andres submarine mass failure. Modeled wave heights from the EQ-only model drastically underestimates the observed wave heights for the 1994 Mindoro tsunami. In contrast, the EQ+SMF model tsunami wave height estimates were closer to the observed data. As such, we propose an earthquake-triggered, submarine mass failure source mechanism for the 1994 Mindoro tsunami.
Journal Title
Frontiers in Earth Science
ISSN
22966463
Publisher
Frontiers Media S.A.
Volume
10
Start Page
1067002
Published Date
2022-11-30
Rights
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
EDB ID
DOI (Published Version)
URL ( Publisher's Version )
FullText File
language
eng
TextVersion
Publisher
departments
Science and Technology