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ID 110688
Author
Yasui, Toshiyuki Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima School of Medicine Tokushima University Educator and Researcher Directory KAKEN Search Researchers
Uemura, Hirokazu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima School of Medicine KAKEN Search Researchers
Takikawa, Masaya Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima School of Medicine
Irahara, Minoru Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima School of Medicine Tokushima University Educator and Researcher Directory KAKEN Search Researchers
Keywords
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
low-dose HRT
transdermal estrogen
estrogen threshold
Content Type
Journal Article
Description
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is effective for relieving vasomotor symptoms such as hot flash and vaginal atrophy and for preventing bone loss in postmenopausal and bilaterally ovariectomized women. However, compliance with HRT was reported to be low despite the benefits of HRT. In addition, results of several recent large-scale randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that protection from cardiovascular disease is not an indication for treatment with estrogen and progestin in postmenopausal women. Recent studies have demonstrated that low-dose HRT is safe and effective for prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. Low-dose HRT has also been shown to be effective for reducing the number and severity of hot flashes, improving vaginal atrophy, and inducing favorable changes in lipids, lipoproteins and hemostatic factors. Moreover, low-dose regimens of CEE(conjugated equine estrogen) and MPA (medroxyprogesterone acetate) result in higher rates of amenorrhea and endometrial protection compared with the conventional dose of HRT. Low-dose HRT may improve the compliance rate and may be more effective than conventional dose HRT for reducing the risk of breast cancer. On the other hand, it has been shown that transdermal estrogen treatment reduces the incidence and severity of hot flashes and that long-term treatment with trans dermally administered estrogen is effective for protection against osteoporosis. Transdermal administration of estrogen is recommended in postmenopausal women with hypertriglycemia because this treatment has little effect on lipid metabolism. The serum estradiol level was reported to be closely related to estrogenic effects on various tissues. An HRT regimen should be based on the needs of each patient. Serum estradiol levels in women should be maintained at appropriate levels for benefits and not be excessively high in order to prevent side effects. Selection of the most appropriate regimen of HRT(dose, route of administration and schedule) for the needs of the individual are important factors to increase the rate of continuation with HRT.
Journal Title
The journal of medical investigation : JMI
ISSN
13431420
NCID
AA11166929
Volume
50
Issue
3-4
Start Page
136
End Page
145
Sort Key
136
Published Date
2003
EDB ID
FullText File
language
eng
TextVersion
Publisher
departments
Medical Sciences