ID | 114574 |
Author |
Yumoto, Hiromichi
Tokushima University
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Ninomiya, Masami
Tokushima University
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Murakami, Keiji
Tokushima University
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Fujii, Hideki
Tokushima University
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Miyake, Yoichiro
Tokushima Bunri University
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Keywords | Streptococci
Biofilm
Pathogenic factor
Oral infection
Systemic Diseases
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Content Type |
Journal Article
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Description | The oral cavity is suggested as the reservoir of bacterial infection, and the oral and pharyngeal biofilms formed by oral bacterial flora, which is comprised of over 700 microbial species, have been found to be associated with systemic conditions. Almost all oral microorganisms are non-pathogenic opportunistic commensals to maintain oral health condition and defend against pathogenic microorganisms. However, oral Streptococci, the first microorganisms to colonize oral surfaces and the dominant microorganisms in the human mouth, has recently gained attention as the pathogens of various systemic diseases, such as infective endocarditis, purulent infections, brain hemorrhage, intestinal inflammation, and autoimmune diseases, as well as bacteremia. As pathogenic factors from oral Streptococci, extracellular polymeric substances, toxins, proteins and nucleic acids as well as vesicles, which secrete these components outside of bacterial cells in biofilm, have been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to consider that the relevance of these pathogenic factors to systemic diseases and also vaccine candidates to protect infectious diseases caused by Streptococci. This review article focuses on the mechanistic links among pathogenic factors from oral Streptococci, inflammation, and systemic diseases to provide the current understanding of oral biofilm infections based on biofilm and widespread systemic diseases.
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Journal Title |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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ISSN | 14220067
16616596
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NCID | AA12038549
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Publisher | MDPI
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Volume | 20
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Issue | 18
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Start Page | 4571
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Published Date | 2019-09-15
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Rights | © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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EDB ID | |
DOI (Published Version) | |
URL ( Publisher's Version ) | |
FullText File | |
language |
eng
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TextVersion |
Publisher
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departments |
University Hospital
Oral Sciences
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