生育歴からみたひきこもりの発生要因について

The purpose of this study is to understand in a practical sense the etiological
background of social withdrawal and to find some clues on how to present its
occurrence. We hypothesized that a lack of group experience and/or the disturbance of
the daily rhythm including the sleep'wakefulness cycle at an early age might be
influential factors for social withdrawal.
To examine this hypothesis，we designed a questionnaire containing items about
the clients' experiences in nursery schools and kindergarten，the clients' bedtimes，
wake times， playing hours， helping at home and other activities during their
elementary and junior-high school years and at the point of this survey. Forty-one
social withdrawals with an average age of 27,85 and 172 students were participating in
this survey.
In case of those 41 social withdrawals，their mean age of showing for the first time
symptoms of social withdrawing is 19.25土4.72.About half of the clients are the oldest
child in their family. The ratio of persons with group experience in nursery school was
significantly lower in the social withdrawal group (χ2(1)ニ9.400，pく.05). The ratio of
persons with group experience in nursery school from an early age(below age 3) and in
kindergarten also tends to be lower in the social withdrawal group，although not
significantly.
As to the sleep-wakefulness cycle，the social withdrawal group tends to go to bed
earlier and to rise later than the participants of the control group when they were in
the middle grades of elementary school and the second grade of junior high school，
although again not significantly. On the other hand，at the point of this survey the
social withdrawal group gets up significantly later than the controls.
The ratio of persons who had breakfast every day when they were attending junior
high-school was lower among the withdrawals than the controls. The social
withdrawals were playing less and hardly helped at home when they were in the
middle grades of elementary school and the second grade of junior high-school.
These results were discussed in relation with the findings of our previous study
and others.