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ID 111974
Author
Imai, Hiroto Tokushima University
Kita, Fumiya Tokushima University
Ikesugi, Sho Tokushima University
Abe, Masami Tokushima University
Sogabe, Shizuka Tokushima University
Nishimura-Danjobara, Yumiko Hiroshima University
Keywords
cetylpyridinium chloride
thymocytes
cytotoxicity
zinc
oxidative stress
hydrogen peroxide
Content Type
Journal Article
Description
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is an antimicrobial agent used in many personal care products, with subsequent release into the environment. Since CPC is found at low concentrations in river and municipal wastewater, its influence on wildlife is of concern. Therefore, in this study, we used flow cytometry to examine the effects of sublethal concentrations of CPC on rat thymic lymphocytes in order to characterize the cellular actions of CPC at low concentrations in the presence and absence of H2O2-induced oxidative stress. CPC treatment increased the population of living cells with phosphatidylserine exposed on the outer surface of their plasma membranes (a marker of early stage apoptosis), elevated intracellular Zn2+ levels, and decreased the cellular content of nonprotein thiols. CPC also potentiated the cytotoxicity of H2O2. Our results suggest that, even at environmentally relevant sublethal concentrations, CPC exerts cytotoxic effects under oxidative stress conditions by increasing intracellular Zn2+ concentration and decreasing the cellular content of nonprotein thiols. These findings indicate that, under some in vitro conditions, CPC is bioactive at environmentally relevant concentrations. Therefore, CPC release from personal care products into the environment may need to be regulated to avoid its adverse effects on wildlife.
Journal Title
Chemosphere
ISSN
00456535
NCID
AA00603442
AA11523866
Publisher
Elsevier
Volume
170
Start Page
118
End Page
123
Published Date
2016-12-07
Rights
© 2016. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
EDB ID
DOI (Published Version)
URL ( Publisher's Version )
FullText File
language
eng
TextVersion
Author
departments
Integrated Arts and Sciences
Bioscience and Bioindustry