地方都市における行政サービス施設の配置評価 : 支所廃止の影響に関する事例分析

本研究では，地方都市における行政サービス施設を対象として，住民側の観点から効率性と公平性の両面から評価して，施設配置の方向性を見出すことを目的とする．効率性は，施設までの移動時間と施設での待ち時間を合わせた所要時間で評価する．一方，公平性については，所要時間の最大偏差およびジニ係数の2指標により評価する．徳島市に適用した結果として，効率性は郊外部において低いこと，公平性は最大偏差のみでは不平等さを測定できない面があることを明確にした．一支所廃止の影響として，支所規模に応じて効率性の減少傾向があり，近隣に施設がある支所廃止では公平性低下は大きくないことがわかった．効率性重視と公平性重視では支所廃止の順位付けが異なり，中心部周辺の全支所廃止は，両面での大幅な低下に留意が必要であることを示した．

In this study, the public service facilities are evaluated from both sides of efficiency and fairness. Thepurpose of this study is to find the appropriate direction for the allocation of administrative service facilities. The efficiency is evaluated by the total required time as the sum of the travel time to the facilities and the waiting time in the facilities. On the other hand, fairness is evaluated by two indexes, the maximum deviation of the required time and the Gini coefficient. As a result of applying it to the Tokushima City, it was clarified that the efficiency is low in the suburbs and the fairness can not measure the inequality only by the maximum deviation. As an negative effect of the abolition of one branch, the efficiency tends to decrease depending on the size of the branch. On the other hand, the abolition of branch offices with facilities in the vicinity does not significantly reduce fairness. The ranking of branch abolition differs between emphasis on efficiency and emphasis on fairness. It should be noted that the abolition of all branch offices around the center will be significantly reduced on both sides.

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