主権者意識を涵養する学習指導の在り方 : 政治とのつながり，政治に参加する必要性を実感する社会科学習

2017（平成29）年の学習指導要領改訂では，小・中学校からの体系的な主権者教育の充実を目指しており，総則編にはカリキュラム・マネジメントのための資料も掲載されている。しかし，その資料を見る限り，「学びに向かう力・人間性等」に関わる主権者意識や態度の育成については，「知識・技能」「思考力・判断力・表現力等」の育成過程における涵養を待たなければならないといわざるを得ない。日本人は政治的知識は豊かであるが，「政治的有効性感覚」が低いことが原因で，政治行動には消極的であるといわれるのに，これでは「政治的有効性感覚」も含めた主権者意識を積極的に育成するのは困難であろう。そこで本研究は，「政治的有効性感覚」を手がかりとしながら，主権者意識を涵養する学習指導の在り方を明らかにする。その具体的方法として，「政治的有効性感覚」を手がかりに，実感を伴うことをポイントとして挙げ，社会科学習指導の在り方とカリキュラム・マネジメントの観点から仮説を立てている。実践校との関係から，本研究は，政治とのつながり，政治に参加する必要性を実感する社会科学習指導に関する仮説の検証にとどまっているが，実践前後のアンケート調査結果には，その指導の有効性が顕著に表れている。

The course of study revised in 2017 aims to enhance systematic sovereign education from elementary and junior high schools, and the general section also contains materials for curriculum management. However, as far as the materials are concerned, regarding the development of the Sovereign Consciousness and attitudes related to "power towards learning, humanity, etc.", in the process of developing "knowledge/skill" "thinking power/judgment power/expressive power, etc.", I have to say that I have to wait for cultivation. It has been said that Japanese people are less willing to conduct political activities due to their lower " sense of political efficacy," despite their rich political knowledge. This being the case, it might be difficult to actively develop the Sovereign Consciousness, including " sense of political efficacy". Therefore, the study clarifies the state of learning guidance to cultivate the Sovereign Consciousness, using the "sense of political efficacy" as a clue. To start with, the study, with the "sense of political efficacy" as the clue and focusing on making learners a real feeling as an important point, made a hypothesis in terms of the state of learning guidance in social studies and curriculum management. In consideration of the practicing school, the study is limited to the verification of the hypothesis about learning guidance in social studies that makes learners realize the connection with politics and the need to participate in politics. However, the questionnaire results before and after the practice have prominently shown the effectiveness of such learning guidance.