片麻痺擬似体験後のレポート分析からみた看護学生の片麻痺患者に対するイメージの変化

看護学生の片麻痺疑似体験前後の片麻痺患者に対するイメージの変化を明らかにするため，学生が記載したレポートについて質的に内容分析を行い，比較した．対象は３年次看護学生のうち研究協力が得られた６５名であった．片麻痺擬似体験は，片麻痺患者を約２０分間体験した．片麻痺の設定は利き手側の上下肢とし，片麻痺患者役は日常生活動作を実施した．
その結果，擬似体験後の片麻痺患者に対するイメージの記述数は増加し，イメージの内容がより具体的となった．体験後は「片麻痺患者は想像しにくい」の記述がなくなり，カテゴリーとして抽出されなかった．カテゴリーやサブカテゴリーは，体験前の否定的なイメージから，麻痺があっても可能なことはあるなど肯定的なイメージが増えた．また，学生は片麻痺患者の体験するストレスを実感することで，心理面に対する共感的イメージをもつことにつながった．さらに，擬似体験は，机上の学習では気づくことができない患者を想像する貴重な機会となっていた．

In order to show the changes in the image that nursing students have regarding hemiplegic patients before and after simulated experiences of hemiplegia, a content analysis of the reports made by the students was qualitatively conducted, and comparisons were performed. The subjects were６５students in Junior year, all participants signed an informed consent. During the implementation of the simulated hemiplegic experiences, the students experienced becoming hemiplegic patients for approximately ２０ minutes. Hemiplegia was set for the upper and lower limbs on the side of the dominant hand, and students who took the part of hemiplegic patients experienced various activities associated with daily living.
As a result, the number of descriptions of their image of hemiplegic patients after the simulated experiences increased, and the descriptions of such images were also more specific. After the experience, as their response “it is not easy to imagine what it is like for hemiplegic patients” was no longer observed, and thus it was not included as a category. The details of the image of the categories and the subcategories showed a more positive image, such as things that they can do in spite of their paralysis, compared to negative details before the experience. In addition, the students felt the stress that hemiplegic patients have, which resulted in them having a more empathetic image regarding psychological aspects. Furthermore, the simulated experiences provided a good opportunity todevelop an image of the patients, which cannot be obtained from reading books or articles.