地域保健と学校保健の連携に関する文献的考察

本研究の目的は，地域保健と学校保健の連携の特徴と傾向を明らかにし，連携の在り方について示唆を得ることである。研究対象は，医学中央雑誌及び雑誌記事索引を用いて，「地域保健」「学校保健」「連携」のキーワードで検索し該当した１９８４年～２００２年９月までの論文，１７５件である．研究から得られた知見は次のとおりである．
１）１７５件の論文は連携の必要性を述べる論文４３件（２４．６％），連携の準備段階の論文４１件（２３．４％），テーマ設定があり連携の実践内容報告の論文９１件（５２．０％）の３つに分類された．
２）９１件の論文は「精神的疾患・症状に関する連携」１３件（１４．３％），「いじめ・不登校・保健室登校などに関する連携」８件（８．８％），「健康教育に関する連携」２３件（２５．３％），「身体的疾患・症状に関する連携」２６件（２８．６％），「ネットワークづくり」１７件（１８．７％），「複合領域にわたる連携」４件（４．４％）の６つのカテゴリーに分類された．各カテゴリーについてその傾向を考察した．
３）結果，組織間の連携とそのシステム化は顕在化する健康課題の解決に留まらず，健康課題の予防や関係職種の質の向上を可能にする．連携システムの構築はきわめて重要な課題である．

The purpose of this paper is clarifying the feature and tendency of cooperation in Community health and School health, and acquiring suggestion about the method of cooperation. The available literature on cooperation in Community health and School health was here reviewed, using the Japanese central medical databese and magazine reports index for 1984 to 2002. The strategy used for the search was “Community health” “School health” “cooperation”. The result were shown,
1) The item of 175 classified three groups, describe the necessity for cooperation : 43papers (24.4%), preparation stage of cooperation : 41papers (23.4%), contents report of practice of cooperation : 91 papers (52.0%).
2) The paper of 91 was classified into six categories and were reviewed. Six categories are “cooperation about a mental disease and symptom : 13papers (14.3%)”, “cooperation about bullying, refusal to go to school, going to school-nurse’s office, etc : 8papers (8.8%)”, “cooperation about health education : 23papers (25.3%)”, “cooperation about a physical disease and symptom : 26papers (28.6%)”, “the organization of a network : 17papers (18.7%)” and “cooperation covering many domains : 4papers (4.4%)”.
3) By cooperation between organizations and its systematization, It does not only can solve actualized problems but also prevention healthy subject and improvement the quality of related profession. So, creation of cooperation system is greatly important theme.