直近一年間の累計
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ダウンロード数 : ?
ID 111617
著者
Uno, Masaaki The University of Tokushima
Sato, Koichi The University of Tokushima
Morioka, Motohiro Kumamoto University
Ushio, Yukitaka Kumamoto University
キーワード
cerebral ischemia
penumbra
selective neuronal death
reperfusion
excitotoxicity
資料タイプ
学術雑誌論文
抄録
This article describes the pathophysiology of, and treatment strategy for, cerebral ischemia. It is useful to think of an ischemic lesion as a densely ischemic core surrounded by better perfused “penumbra” tissue that is silent electrically but remains viable. Reperfusion plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological studies in rat focal ischemia models using transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion indicate that reperfusion after an ischemic episode of 2- to 3-hour duration does not result in reduction of the size of the infarct. Brief occlusion of the MCA produces a characteristic, cell-type specific injury in the striatum where medium-sized spinous projection neurons are selectively lost ; this injury is accompanied by gliosis. Transient forebrain ischemia leads to delayed death of the CA1 neurons in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemical and biochemical investigations of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II(CaM kinase II) and protein phosphatase (calcineurin) after transient forebrain ischemia demonstrated that the activity of CaM kinase II was decreased in the CA1 region of the hippocampus early (6- 12 hours) after ischemia. However, calcineurin was preserved in the CA1 region until 1.5 days after the ischemic insult and then lost ; a subsequent increase in the morphological degeneration of neurons was observed. We hypothesized that an imbalance of Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation may be involved in delayed neuronal death after ischemia. In the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, immediate recanalization of the occluded artery, using systemic or local thrombolysis, is optimal for restoring the blood flow and rescuing the ischemic brain from complete infarction. However, the window of therapeutic effectiveness is very narrow. The development of effective neuroprotection methods and the establishment of reliable imaging modalities for an early and accurate diagnosis of the extent and degree of the ischemia are imperative.
掲載誌名
The Journal of Medical Investigation
ISSN
13431420
cat書誌ID
AA11166929
出版者
The University of Tokushima School of Medicine
45
1-4
開始ページ
57
終了ページ
70
並び順
57
発行日
1998-08
出版社版URL
フルテキストファイル
言語
eng
著者版フラグ
出版社版
部局
病院
医学系