生活習慣と骨粗鬆症 : 脆弱性骨折の予防

Osteoporosis is a chronic skeletal condition characterized by impaired bone strength and increased risk of fracture. This disorder causes notable morbidity, deterioration in quality of life （QOL）and mortality in the elderly due to associated with fragility fractures of the spine, hip and wrist. Moreover, the treatment of osteoporotic fractures is also associated with a huge economic cost for society. To avoid the fragility fracture, prevention of osteoporosis and fall down are of great importance. For that purpose, not only pharmacological therapy（mainly by antiresorptive medications） in middle-aged and elderly individuals but also non-pharmacological intervention through lifestyle modification will become important in adolescents and young adults from the early life. Lifestyle modification emphasizing bone health such as adequate calcium, vitamin D and vitamin K nutrition, restriction of caffeine and alcohol consumption, and avoidance of tobacco are essential to the management of osteoporosis risk. Balance and strength training also play important roles in the improvement of bone strength. Most of the risk and preventive factors of osteoporosis are common to those of other lifestylerelated diseases. Therefore, lifestyle modification emphasizing bone health from the early life will contribute to avoid not only fragility fracture but also other lifestyle-related diseases, and will contribute to maintenance or improvement of QOL.