Discrimination between Toxoplasmic Encephalitis and Central Nervous System Lymphoma : An Updated Review

Various opportunistic infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus infections, develop in compromised hosts. The treatment options for Malignant Lymphoma (ML) and Toxoplasmic Encephalitis (TE) are completely different; therefore, discriminating between them is critical. Currently, imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, 201Tl-single photon emission computed tomography, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography and laboratory techniques such as PCR and antibody assays are used. Moreover, there are options for pathological examination using brain biopsy. However, discriminating between ML and TE remains challenging. Here, we describe an update of the discrimination methods between TE and ML.

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