Diarrhea induced by infection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a human pathogen that naturally inhabits marine
and estuarine environments. Infection with V. parahaemolyticus is often associated with
the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, causing gastroenteritis with watery diarrhea.
The presence of two type III secretion system (T3SS) proteins, thermostable direct
hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin (TRH), has been closely associated with the
severity of diarrheal illness. TDH and TRH have various biological activities including
hemolytic activity, cardiotoxicity, and enterotoxicity. T3SS1 is involved in cytotoxicity
to host cells and orchestrates a multifaceted host cell infection by induction of autophagy,
cell rounding, and cell lysis. T3SS2 is thought to be related to the enterotoxicity
of V. parahaemolyticus. The activities of inducing diarrhea of each of the virulence factors
were summarized in this review.

The journal of medical investigation : http://medical.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp/jmi/index.html